COMPARISON OF ADULT MALE AND FEMALE PERFORMANCE ON THE BASKETBALL FREE THROW TO THAT OF ADOLESCENT BOYS

Modifying the adult version of competitive sports by adjusting the rules and/or playing environment for smaller and younger players is a common practice followed throughout the United States by many youth sport organizations. It has been suggested that such modifications increase the player's level of success as well as enjoyment of the game (Seefeldt & Gould, 1980). Whether or not these changes facilitate development of the fundamental skills associated with the sport is a question yet to be addressed in the literature, however. Adult models are often used as the standard against which teachers and coaches involved with young players measure their development and, ultimately, their performance. Movement patterns demonstrated by adults and adolescents under regulation and/or modified conditions have not been compared. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare selected performance parameters of skilled adult male and female collegiate players to that of seventh grade boys shooting with two different ball sizes at two basket heights

THE EFFECT OF TAPE ON THE AMOUNT AND RATE OF ANKLE INVERSION BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER 60 MINUTES OF EXERCISE

Eighteen (9M, 9F) college students were randomly assigned to a treatment order (T-TA-RT or T-RT-TA) to determine the effect of tape (T), tape added (TA), and re-tape (RT) on the amount and rate of ankle inversion before (B), during (D), and after (A) 60 min of exercise when an inversion platform unexpectedly dropped the right ankle into 35 deg of inversion. Individual ANOVAs for the dependent variables (amount and rate of inversion) revealed significantly greater values for the T condition compared to the TA and RT conditions and for the B condition compared to the D and A conditions. Although interaction effects were not statistically significant, the results of this study suggest that adding tape (TA) and re-taping (RT) after 30 min of exercise are equally effective in reducing the amount and rate of ankle inversion from 30 to 60 min of exercise (B to A)

PRE-ADOLESCENT STANDING JUMPING TECHNIQUES

The standing vertical and standing long jumps both rise from a common origin, namely the stationary vertical upright position (Wickstrom, 1983). Dissimilar performance objectives, however, differentiate the two jumps. The direction of thrust is vertically upward for the vertical jump and horizontally forward for the long jump. Similarities between the standing long jump and the standing vertical jump have been suggested by Hellebrandt, Rarick, Glassow, and Carns (1961). Specific quantitative data to support or refute the suggestion of similar characteristics should provide beneficial information to the practitioner for instructional purposes. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare jumping techniques of pre-adolescents as they performed two standing jumping patterns that had different performance objectives

The effect of ball size and basket height on the mechanics of the basketball free throw as performed by seventh grade boys

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanics of the basketball free throw as performed by 13 seventh grade boys. A regulation and an intermediate sized basketball in combination with a 10-foot and an 8-foot basket were used. Two LoCam cameras, each operating at a film transport speed of 100 fps, provided simultaneous, non-synchronous sagittal and frontal views of repeated trials. Two successful trials per subject under each of the four environmental conditions were digitized with a Numonics digitizer interfaced to an Apple II+ microcomputer. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p = .05) for the main effect of basket height and non-significant differences (p > .05) for the main effect of ball size for the following kinematic parameters: (a) the angle of projection of the basketball, (b) the release angle of the shoulder, (c) the starting angle of the elbow, and (d) the forearm in relation to the vertical at ball release. Significant interaction effects (p = .05) between ball size, basket height, and the individual subjects were also revealed for some of the aforementioned kinematic parameters

Perceptual-prediction ability of female softball batters

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